Thirty years of resistance: Zig-zag through the plant immune system

Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response system. The first plant Resistance (R) gene was cloned in 1992. Since then, many cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified, and R genes that encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) have been cloned. Here, we provide a list of characterized PRRs and NLRs. In addition to immune receptors, many components of immune signaling networks were discovered over the last 30 years. We review the signaling pathways, physiological responses, and molecular regulation of both PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity. Recent studies have reinforced the importance of interactions between the two immune systems. We provide an overview of interactions between PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity, highlighting challenges and perspectives for future research. A review of major research advances in plant immunity during the last three decades and individual characterized immune receptors, their immune signaling pathways, and interactions between immune systems

Automated summary

Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for protecting crops from diseases. Plants have a two-tiered innate immune system to resist pathogens. Over the last 30 years, significant progress has been made in identifying immune receptors and understanding the signaling pathways and interactions between different components of the immune system.