Direct numerical simulation of film boiling on a horizontal periodic surface in three dimensions using front tracking

This study investigates film boiling on a horizontal periodic surface in three dimensions through direct numerical simulations. To solve the momentum and energy equations in both phases, a finite difference/front tracking method is used that accounts for inertia, viscosity, and interface deformation. The mathematical formulation and numerical method are presented. One of the challenging aspects of the front tracking method is breakup and coalescence of bubbles. Previous works continued the simulations up to the breakup and release of the bubble. We use an innovative topology changing algorithm to overcome this challenge. So, simulations are carried out over sufficiently long times to capture several bubble release cycles and to evaluate the quasi steady-state Nusselt number (Nu) over bar. Effect of the Grashof and Jacob numbers on the interface dynamics, heat transfer, and fluid flow is studied. By increasing the Grashof number, buoyancy suppresses the viscous effect, so the average size of departing bubbles decreases, and the average Nusselt number increases. Wall superheat has direct influence on the Jacob number. At relatively low superheats, the bubbles are released periodically from the vapor film, but as the wall superheat increases, permanent vapor jets are formed and become thicker. However, the bubble size and the average Nusselt number decrease. The effect of unit cell size is investigated. It is observed that (Nu) over bar does not change much with unit cell size. To examine the effect of initial perturbation, single mode and multimode cases were simulated. The initial perturbation has no significant effect on the (Nu) over bar. The density ratio was studied, and it is observed that the stationary steady state condition is reached at a shorter time. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.

Automated summary

This study investigates film boiling on a horizontal periodic surface in three dimensions through direct numerical simulations. The effects of Grashof and Jacob numbers on interface dynamics, heat transfer, and fluid flow are studied. Increasing the Grashof number reduces the average size of departing bubbles and increases the average Nusselt number. Wall superheat has direct influence on the Jacob number. The unit cell size and initial perturbation have no significant effect on the Nusselt number, while the density ratio affects the time to reach stationary steady state condition.