Automated 3D Reconstruction of LoD2 and LoD1 Models for All 10 Million Buildings of the Netherlands

In this paper; we present our workflow to automatically reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) building models based on two-dimensional building polygons and a lidar point cloud. The workflow generates models at different levels ((detail (LoDs) to support data requirements of different applications from one consistent source. Specific attention has been paid to make the workflow robust to quickly run a new iteration in case of improvements in an algorithm or in case new input data become available. The quality of the reconstructed data highly depends on the quality of the input data and is monitored in several steps of the process. A 3D viewer has been developed to view and download the openly available 3D data at different LoDs in different formats. The workflow has been applied to all 10 million buildings of the Netherlands. The 3D service will be updated after new input data becomes available.

Automated summary

This paper presents a workflow for automatically reconstructing 3D building models using 2D building polygons and a lidar point cloud. The workflow generates models at different levels to meet the data requirements of various applications. It is designed to be robust and adaptable to algorithm improvements and new input data. The quality of the reconstructed data is monitored throughout the process, and a 3D viewer has been developed for viewing and downloading the data. The workflow has been applied to all 10 million buildings in the Netherlands and will be updated with new input data.