Colocalization analysis of pancreas eQTLs with risk loci from alcoholic and novel non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis GWAS suggests potential disease causing mechanisms

Background: Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified genome-wide significant risk loci in chronic pancreatitis and investigated underlying disease causing mechanisms by simple overlaps with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), a procedure which may often result in false positive conclusions. Methods: We conducted a GWAS in 584 non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (NACP) patients and 6040 healthy controls. Next, we applied Bayesian colocalization analysis of identified genome-wide significant risk loci from both, our recently published alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) and the novel NACP dataset, with pancreas eQTLs from the GTEx V8 European cohort to prioritize candidate causal genes and extracted credible sets of shared causal variants. Results: Variants at the CTRC (p = 1.22 x 10(-21)) and SPINKI (p = 6.59 x 10(-47)) risk loci reached genome-wide significance in NACP. CTRC risk variants colocalized with CTRC eQTLs in ACP (PP4 = 0.99, PP4/PP3 = 95.51) and NACP (PP4 = 0.99, PP4/PP3 = 95.46). For both diseases, the 95% credible set of shared causal variants consisted of rs497078 and rs545634. CLDN2 MORC4 risk variants colocalized with CLDN2 eQTLs in ACP (PP4 = 0.98, PP4/PP3 = 42.20) and NACP (PP4 = 0.67, PP4/PP3 = 7.18), probably driven by the shared causal variant rs12688220. Conclusions: A shared causal CTRC risk variant might unfold its pathogenic effect in ACP and NACP by reducing CTRC expression, while the CLDN2 MORC4 shared causal variant rs12688220 may modify ACP and NACP risk by increasing CLDN2 expression. (C) 2022 IAP and EPC. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study conducted a GWAS in non-alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (NACP) patients and identified risk loci associated with the disease. Through colocalization analysis, candidate causal genes and shared causal variants were prioritized. The results suggest that a shared causal CTRC risk variant may affect the pathogenesis of both alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) and NACP by reducing CTRC expression, while a shared causal variant rs12688220 may modify the risk of both diseases by increasing CLDN2 expression.