Quantifying the emergence of structured laser beams relevant to Lissajous parametric surfaces

Lissajous structured beams emerging from a spherical laser cavity subject to the birefringent effect of the laser crystal are quantitatively analyzed. The analysis reveals that the birefringent effect leads to numerous frequency degeneracies at the cavity lengths near an ideal degenerate cavity. By using a diode-pumped Nd:GdVO4 laser, the emergence of Lissajous structured modes relevant to frequency degeneracies is precisely quantified by comparing experimental results with numerical analyses. The present quantitative analysis provides an important guideline for the generation of structured transverse modes related to the ray-wave correspondence. (C) 2022 Optica Publishing Group

Automated summary

Lissajous structured beams generated from a spherical laser cavity influenced by the birefringent effect of the laser crystal are analyzed. The birefringent effect leads to frequency degeneracies near a perfect degenerate cavity. By quantifying the emergence of Lissajous structured modes relevant to frequency degeneracies, the study provides guidance for generating structured transverse modes related to the ray-wave correspondence.