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Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Hanani Abdul Manan et al.
Summary: The brain structural features of healthy individuals are associated with olfactory functions. Different structural characteristics may be exhibited in congenital and acquired anosmia due to pathophysiological differences. A systematic review compared brain structural features between patients with congenital and acquired anosmia, finding consistent associations between olfactory bulb volume and olfactory function across etiologies, but inconsistent associations with olfactory sulcus depth. The review observed morphological variations in grey matter and white matter volume in congenital and acquired anosmia, suggesting that the structural characteristics in these two conditions are altered differently, likely due to multifactorial mechanisms and interactions with the environment.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ashley M. Henneghan et al.
Summary: This study examined cognitive outcomes in non-critical, mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases. The findings showed that 40% of the cases demonstrated cognitive impairment, particularly in executive function. Younger age, male gender, and a greater number of COVID-19 symptoms were associated with cognitive impairment. These results indicate the presence of common neurological sequelae, such as cognitive impairment, following COVID-19 infection.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Roberta Ferrucci et al.
Summary: Cognitive impairment can still be observed after 1 year of recovery from COVID-19, with processing speed and long-term visuospatial and verbal memory being the most affected domains. Lower PaO2/FiO(2) ratios in the acute phase are associated with worse verbal long-term memory and visuospatial learning at 5 months. Recovered patients should receive periodic cognitive follow-up evaluations.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gwenaelle Douaud et al.
Summary: Through long-term observation of participants' MRI images, it was found that COVID-19 infection is associated with abnormal brain changes, including a reduction in gray matter thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, greater changes in markers of tissue damage in regions functionally connected to the primary olfactory cortex, and a greater reduction in global brain size. Infected individuals also showed significant cognitive decline.
Letter
Pathology
Sudhir Mehta et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mona Khan et al.
Summary: Anosmia, the loss of smell, is a common symptom of COVID-19, but it is caused by the virus attacking sustentacular cells in the olfactory mucosa rather than infecting olfactory sensory neurons. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is not a neurotropic virus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jenny Meinhardt et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasopharynx and brain, suggesting the virus may enter the CNS through the olfactory mucosa. The virus utilizes the neural-mucosal interface in the olfactory mucosa to penetrate the nervous system, affecting various neuroanatomical areas, including the primary respiratory and cardiovascular control center.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Tom Salomon et al.
Summary: The study suggests that the brains of healthy individuals may undergo transient volumetric changes related to stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes decrease over time following the lifting of lockdown measures, indicating that intense experiences associated with the pandemic play a role.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Marion Renaud et al.
Summary: This cohort study examines the clinical course and prognosis of patients with COVID-19-related anosmia for 1 year after diagnosis.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Adeel S. Zubair et al.
