Drought self-propagation in drylands due to land-atmosphere feedbacks

Dryland droughts are prone to self-propagation due to the enhanced soil water stress, according to atmospheric moisture-tracking analysis of recent major droughts around the world. Reduced evaporation due to dry soils can affect the land surface energy balance, with implications for local and downwind precipitation. When evaporation is constrained by soil moisture, the atmospheric supply of water is depleted, and this deficit may propagate in time and space. This mechanism could theoretically result in the self-propagation of droughts, but the extent to which this process occurs is unknown. Here we isolate the influence of soil moisture drought on downwind precipitation using Lagrangian moisture tracking constrained by observations from the 40 largest recent droughts worldwide. We show that dryland droughts are particularly prone to self-propagating because evaporation tends to respond strongly to enhanced soil water stress. In drylands, precipitation can decline by more than 15% due to upwind drought during a single event and up to 30% during individual months. In light of projected widespread reductions in water availability, this feedback may further exacerbate future droughts.

Automated summary

Dryland droughts are prone to self-propagation due to enhanced soil water stress, impacting local and downstream precipitation. This mechanism could exacerbate future droughts with projected widespread reductions in water availability.