Low-valent tungsten redox catalysis enables controlled isomerization and carbonylative functionalization of alkenes

The controlled isomerization and functionalization of alkenes is a cornerstone achievement in organometallic catalysis that is now widely used throughout industry. In particular, the addition of CO and H-2 to an alkene, also known as the oxo-process, is used in the production of linear aldehydes from crude alkene feedstocks. In these catalytic reactions, isomerization is governed by thermodynamics, giving rise to functionalization at the most stable alkylmetal species. Despite the ubiquitous industrial applications of tandem alkene isomerization/functionalization reactions, selective functionalization at internal positions has remained largely unexplored. Here we report that the simple W(O) precatalyst W(CO)(6) catalyses the isomerization of alkenes to unactivated internal positions and subsequent hydrocarbonylation with CO. The six- to seven-coordinate geometry changes that are characteristic of the W(O)/W(II) redox cycle and the conformationally flexible directing group are key factors in allowing isomerization to take place over multiple positions and stop at a defined unactivated internal site that is primed for in situ functionalization.

Automated summary

In this study, a simple W(O) precatalyst W(CO)(6) was found to catalyze the isomerization and carbonylation reactions of alkenes. Through the W(O)/W(II) redox cycle and conformationally flexible directing group, selective functionalization at internal positions was achieved.