Bonsai-inspired AIE nanohybrid photosensitizer based on vermiculite nanosheets for ferroptosis-assisted oxygen self-sufficient photodynamic cancer therapy

Oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment based on aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) photosensitizer shows limited efficiency in the hypoxic tumor micro environment (TME). To overcome tumor hypoxia-induced PDT resistance, a bonsai-inspired oxygen selfsufficient photodynamic cancer therapeutic system was developed based on AIEgen/vermiculite nanohybrid. Ultrathin nanosheets (NSs) were synthesized by lithium-ion intercalation from potting soil vermiculite for AIEgen photosensitizer (DCPy) loading through electrostatic attraction to produce NSs@DCPy (nano bonsai). When NSs@DCPy was absorbed by hypoxic the tumor and exposed to white light radiation, the NSs@DCPy could not only produce O-1(2) and center dot OH but also catalyze the H2O2 to generate O-2 for alleviating hypoxia significantly improving PDT efficacy. Surprisingly, NSs@DCPy could induce ferroptosis of the tumor by iron overload and depleting glutathione (GSH). Therefore, we provide a bonsai-inspired AIEgen-vermiculite nanohybrid platform for ferroptosis-assisted oxygen self-sufficient photodynamic cancer therapy.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Automated summary

A bonsai-inspired oxygen self-sufficient photodynamic cancer therapeutic system was developed using AIEgen/vermiculite nanohybrid, which effectively improved the efficiency of radiation therapy in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and induced ferroptosis for enhanced therapeutic effect.