The Protective Effects of Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Polymethoxyflavones on Mice Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Injury

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Somatic PMK-1/p38 signaling links environmental stress to germ cell apoptosis and heritable euploidy

Najmeh Soltanmohammadi et al.

Summary: This study reveals that stress signaling from intestinal cells regulates elimination of germ cells carrying damaged genomes, which in turn impacts inheritance. Failure of intestinal signaling results in stress-induced aneuploidy.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Microbiology

Apigenin Alleviates Obesity-Associated Metabolic Syndrome by Regulating the Composition of the Gut Microbiome

Yuan Qiao et al.

Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Apigenin (Api), a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, has shown anti-obesogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study demonstrates that Api supplementation can improve gut dysbiosis and restore gut barrier damage in obese mice, leading to reduced body weight and improved metabolic health.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Plasticity of Intestinal Epithelium: Stem Cell Niches and Regulatory Signals

Ken Kurokawa et al.

Summary: The discovery of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells has revolutionized ISC research, revealing their crucial role in maintaining intestinal epithelium homeostasis and regeneration. Regulatory mechanisms in the stem cell niche and the role of inflammatory cytokines in epithelial regeneration are key areas of current understanding in ISC research.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Comparative profiling and natural variation of polymethoxylated flavones in various citrus germplasms

Zhaoxin Peng et al.

Summary: Citrus fruits are the main dietary source of PMFs, with Mandarins and their hybrids being the only varieties found to contain detectable levels of PMFs. This trait is inherited from Mandarin ancestors, providing potential health benefits for consumers.

FOOD CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Citrus aurantium L. Active Constituents, Biological Effects and Extraction Methods. An Updated Review

Sawssan Maksoud et al.

Summary: Citrus genus is a globally important staple crop, with Citrus aurantium L. standing out for its unique characteristics and rich content of active constituents with various health benefits. This paper provides an overview of recent studies on the biological activities and medicinal uses of active constituents in C.aurantium.

MOLECULES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Sprouty2 limits intestinal tuft and goblet cell numbers through GSK3β-mediated restriction of epithelial IL-33

Michael A. Schumacher et al.

Summary: The loss of the intracellular signaling regulator Sprouty2 in intestinal epithelial cells is a protective response to injury that leads to increased secretory cell numbers, thus limiting the severity of colitis.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Microbial Metabolites

Sweta Ghosh et al.

Summary: This review discusses the recent advances in understanding the role of gut microbial metabolites in regulating intestinal barrier function. While the mechanisms of action of these metabolites are still being explored, they likely impact gut barrier function through shared pathways. Utilizing beneficial microbiota and their metabolites to restore pathophysiological balance may prove to be a valuable therapeutic tool amidst advancing technology and expanding knowledge.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Intercrypt goblet cells - the key to colonic mucus barrier function

Katrina Ray

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Plant Sciences

Network pharmacology to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Xuebijing in the treatment of sepsis

Wuai Zhou et al.

Summary: The study utilized network pharmacology to elucidate the mechanism of action of Xuebijing (XBJ) for treating sepsis, identifying four key biological functional modules including inflammation, immune, cell apoptosis, and coagulation. By integrating computational prediction, experimental validation, and literature reported clinical results analysis, the study revealed that XBJ exerts anti-inflammatory effects through regulating the NFκB signaling pathway.

PHYTOMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An intercrypt subpopulation of goblet cells is essential for colonic mucus barrier function

Elisabeth E. L. Nystrom et al.

Summary: Intestinal goblet cells are not homogeneous, with several distinct subtypes forming two differentiation trajectories. Intercrypt goblet cells located at the colonic luminal surface produce mucus with different properties from crypt-residing goblet cells. Defective icGCs in mice lead to increased sensitivity to chemically induced colitis and spontaneous colitis with age, while alterations in mucus and reduced numbers of icGCs are observed in patients with ulcerative colitis, highlighting the importance of icGCs in maintaining functional epithelial protection.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Citrus polymethoxyflavones as regulators of metabolic homoeostasis: Recent advances for possible mechanisms

Man Zhang et al.

Summary: Given the increasing prevalence of obesity among adults, the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is becoming a common health concern. Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) in citrus peels have diverse bioactivities, such as neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, anti-arteriolosclerosis. Recent studies emphasize the critical role of PMFs in maintaining metabolic homeostasis through interactions with the circadian clock and gut microbiota.

TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Acute Radiation Syndrome and the Microbiome: Impact and Review

Brynn A. Hollingsworth et al.

Summary: The study of the human microbiota has greatly expanded since the inception of the NIH Human Microbiome Project in 2007, particularly in the field of radiation injury research. Recent research has shown the potential for the microbiome to play a significant role in mitigating radiation injury, but there are still research gaps that need to be addressed.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology

The Intestinal Epithelium - Fluid Fate and Rigid Structure From Crypt Bottom to Villus Tip

Vangelis Bonis et al.

Summary: The single-layered, simple epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in nutrient uptake, metabolism coordination, and pathogen defense. Advances in single-cell sequencing, spatio-temporal profiling, and organoid technology have revealed the complex micro-structure of the intestinal epithelium and the mechanisms that maintain it. Recent studies have also explored the distinct structure of the underlying mesenchyme and its crucial interactions with the epithelium for intestinal function and regeneration.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Ecology

Intestinal mucositis precedes dysbiosis in a mouse model for pelvic irradiation

Charlotte Segers et al.

Summary: This study characterized the impact of pelvic irradiation on intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis in mice, demonstrating structural and functional changes in the intestine and identifying potential biomarkers for pelvic irradiation. The findings pave the way for further investigation into the pathobiology of pelvic irradiation-induced intestinal mucositis and dysbiosis, as well as exploring mitigating treatments such as drugs and food supplements.

ISME COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences