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A Comprehensive Review of Rosmarinic Acid: From Phytochemistry to Pharmacology and Its New Insight

期刊

MOLECULES
卷 27, 期 10, 页码 -

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103292

关键词

rosmarinic acid; natural product; pharmacokinetics; pharmacology; phytochemistry

资金

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [81473313, 81873229, 81973435]

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Rosmarinic acid is a widely occurring polyphenolic acid in herbal plants with various biological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-diabetes. Its natural derivatives have also been extensively studied. Despite the advancements in research, there are still unresolved issues regarding its toxicity and bioavailability.
Polyphenolic acids are the widely occurring natural products in almost each herbal plant, among which rosmarinic acid (RA, C18H16O8) is well-known, and is present in over 160 species belonging to many families, especially the Lamiaceae. Aside from this herbal ingredient, dozens of its natural derivatives have also been isolated and characterized from many natural plants. In recent years, with the increasing focus on the natural products as alternative treatments, a large number of pharmacological studies have been carried out to demonstrate the various biological activities of RA such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-virus, anti-tumor, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. In addition, investigations concerning its biosynthesis, extraction, analysis, clinical applications, and pharmacokinetics have also been performed. Although many achievements have been made in various research aspects, there still exist some problems or issues to be answered, especially its toxicity and bioavailability. Thus, we hope that in the case of natural products, the present review can not only provide a comprehensive understanding on RA covering its miscellaneous research fields, but also highlight some of the present issues and future perspectives worth investigating later, in order to help us utilize this polyphenolic acid more efficiently, widely, and safely.

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