期刊
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
卷 31, 期 8, 页码 2348-2366出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mec.16410
关键词
faster-X; gene flow; genomic differentiation; haplodiploidy; local adaptation; speciation
资金
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [CEECIND/02391/2017, CEECINST/00032/2018/CP1523/CT0008, UIDB/00329/2020]
- National Science Foundation [DEB-1257739, DEB-CAREER-1750946]
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2015-67011-22803]
- Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa [CPCA/A0/7303/2020]
- European Commission [799729]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [799729] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [CEECINST/00032/2018/CP1523/CT0008] Funding Source: FCT
This study examines the genetic evolution effects of haplodiploidy, finding that haploidy leads to higher genomic differentiation in the presence of divergent selection and gene flow. Analyses of pine sawfly populations support a history of continuous gene exchange during divergence, and simulations suggest that divergent selection leads to higher differentiation in haplodiploid populations.
Although haplodiploidy is widespread in nature, the evolutionary consequences of this mode of reproduction are not well characterized. Here, we examine how genome-wide hemizygosity and a lack of recombination in haploid males affects genomic differentiation in populations that diverge via natural selection while experiencing gene flow. First, we simulated diploid and haplodiploid genomes (500-kb loci) evolving under an isolation-with-migration model with mutation, drift, selection, migration and recombination; and examined differentiation at neutral sites both tightly and loosely linked to a divergently selected site. As long as there is divergent selection and migration, sex-limited hemizygosity and recombination cause elevated differentiation (i.e., produce a faster-haplodiploid effect) in haplodiploid populations relative to otherwise equivalent diploid populations, for both recessive and codominant mutations. Second, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data to model divergence history and describe patterns of genomic differentiation between sympatric populations of Neodiprion lecontei and N. pinetum, a pair of pine sawfly species (order: Hymenoptera; family: Diprionidae) that are specialized on different pine hosts. These analyses support a history of continuous gene exchange throughout divergence and reveal a pattern of heterogeneous genomic differentiation that is consistent with divergent selection on many unlinked loci. Third, using simulations of haplodiploid and diploid populations evolving according to the estimated divergence history of N. lecontei and N. pinetum, we found that divergent selection would lead to higher differentiation in haplodiploids. Based on these results, we hypothesize that haplodiploids undergo divergence-with-gene-flow and sympatric speciation more readily than diploids.
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