Polyene Macrolactams from Marine and Terrestrial Sources: Structure, Production Strategies, Biosynthesis and Bioactivities

Over the past few decades (covering 1972 to 2022), astounding progress has been made in the elucidation of structures, bioactivities and biosynthesis of polyene macrolactams (PMLs), but they have only been partially summarized. PMLs possess a wide range of biological activities, particularly distinctive fungal inhibitory abilities, which render them a promising drug candidate. Moreover, the unique biosynthetic pathways including beta-amino acid initiation and pericyclic reactions were presented in PMLs, leading to more attention from inside and outside the natural products community. According to current summation, in this review, the chem- and bio-diversity of PMLs from marine and terrestrial sources are considerably rich. A systematic, critical and comprehensive overview is in great need. This review described the PMLs' general structural features, production strategies, biosynthetic pathways and the mechanisms of bioactivities. The challenges and opportunities for the research of PMLs are also discussed.

Automated summary

This review summarizes the progress made in elucidating the structures, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of polyene macrolactams (PMLs) from 1972 to 2022. PMLs exhibit a wide range of biological activities, particularly showing distinctive inhibitory effects against fungi, making them potential drug candidates. The review describes the general structural features, production strategies, biosynthetic pathways, and mechanisms of bioactivities of PMLs, while also discussing the challenges and opportunities in PMLs research.