Tuning the Glass Transition Temperature of a Core-Forming Block during Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly: Statistical Copolymerization of Lauryl Methacrylate with Methyl Methacrylate Provides Access to Spheres, Worms, and Vesicles

A series of poly(lauryl methacrylate)-poly(methyl methacrylate-stat-lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA(x)-P(MMA-stat-LMA)(y)) diblock copolymer nanoparticles were synthesized via RAFT dispersion copolymerization of 90 mol % methyl methacrylate (MMA) with 10 mol % lauryl methacrylate (LMA) in mineral oil by using a poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) precursor with a mean degree of polymerization (DP) of either 22 or 41. In situ H-1 NMR studies of the copolymerization kinetics suggested an overall comonomer conversion of 94% within 2.5 h. GPC analysis confirmed a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (M-w/M-n <= 1.35) for each diblock copolymer. Recently, we reported an unexpected morphology constraint when targeting PLMA(22)-PMMA(y) nano-objects in mineral oil, with the formation of kinetically trapped spheres being attributed to the relatively high glass transition temperature (T-g) of the PMMA block. Herein we demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome by (i) incorporating 10 mol % LMA into the core-forming block and (ii) performing such syntheses at 115 degrees C. This new strategy produced well-defined spheres, worms, or vesides when using the same PLMA(22) precursor. Introducing the LMA comonomer not only enhances the mobility of the core-forming copolymer chains by increasing their solvent plasticization but also reduces their effective glass transition temperature to well below the reaction temperature. Copolymer morphologies were initially assigned via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies and subsequently confirmed via small-angle X-ray scattering analysis. The thermoresponsive behavior of PLMA(22)-P(0.9MMA-stat-0.1LMA)(113) worms and PLMA(22)-P(0.9MNIA-stat-0.ILMA)(228) vesicles was also studied by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and TEM. The former copolymer underwent a worm-to-sphere transition on heating from 20 to 170 degrees C while a veside-to-worm transition was observed for the latter. Such thermal transitions were irreversible at 0.1% w/w solids but proved to be reversible at 20% w/w solids.

Automated summary

A series of poly(lauryl methacrylate)-poly(methyl methacrylate-stat-lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA(x)-P(MMA-stat-LMA)(y)) diblock copolymer nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via RAFT dispersion copolymerization in mineral oil. The morphology constraint of the copolymer was overcome by introducing LMA comonomer and performing the synthesis at a higher temperature, leading to the formation of well-defined nanostructures.