4.7 Review

Recommendations for the management of COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancies or haematopoietic cell transplantation, from the 2021 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 9)

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Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causing global healthcare crises. Recovery from COVID-19 may lead to persistent symptoms and long-term complications, prompting the need for multidisciplinary care and follow-up for survivors.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Review Oncology

Clinical presentations and outcomes of children with cancer and COVID-19: A systematic review

Jagdish Prasad Meena et al.

Summary: The impact of COVID-19 on pediatric oncology patients is more severe in terms of severity, morbidity, and mortality compared to the general pediatric population, with a higher percentage of severe cases.

PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER (2021)

Article Immunology

The Longest Persistence of Viable SARS-CoV-2 With Recurrence of Viremia and Relapsing Symptomatic COVID-19 in an Immunocompromised Patient-A Case Study

Chiara Sepulcri et al.

Summary: Immunocompromised patients can have prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 and clinical relapses of COVID-19, with differences in cell immune dynamics and absence of virus-specific antibodies detected.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Immunology

Viral Load Kinetics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospitalized Individuals With Coronavirus Disease 2019

James Regan et al.

Summary: The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 remain understudied, but early systemic seeding of the virus was observed in hospitalized individuals. Remdesivir treatment was associated with faster viral decay in the body.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Hematology

BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine is significantly less effective in patients with hematologic malignancies

Katrin Herzog Tzarfati et al.

Summary: Patients with hematologic malignancies have a reduced immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine, with lower seropositivity rates and antibody titers, increasing their risk for severe infection.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Hematology

Single dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces neutralising antibody and polyfunctional T-cell responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia

Patrick Harrington et al.

Summary: This study found that most patients with CML developed antibodies and polyfunctional T-cell responses after receiving a single dose of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine, demonstrating good immunogenicity in this patient population compared to those with solid tumors or lymphoid hematological malignancies.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers from Northern Italy based on antibody status: immune protection from secondary infection- A retrospective observational case-controlled study

Francesca Rovida et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 and anti-S2 IgG antibody positivity induced by natural infection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that immunity from natural infection can reduce the risk of secondary infection and alleviate symptoms.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Bamlanivimab vs Placebo on Incidence of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff of Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living Facilities

Myron S. Cohen et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Microbiology

Comparing Immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection in Patients with and without Laboratory-Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Karoline Leuzinger et al.

Summary: Commercially available SARS-CoV-2-directed antibody assays showed substantial agreement, with interpretation of results depending on postdiagnosis time and choice of viral antigen. The presence of systemic SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies may predict recovery from viral injury and clearance of mucosal replication.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Letter Oncology

Lower response to BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with myelofibrosis compared to polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia

Fulvia Pimpinelli et al.

Summary: Among 42 Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasm patients receiving systemic active treatment, those with myelofibrosis showed significantly lower response to the anti-SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine compared to patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera in terms of IgG titers and seroprotection rates. The ongoing treatment with Ruxolitinib in some patients may be associated with reduced vaccine immunogenicity, but further large prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2021)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Antibody response after second BNT162b2 dose in allogeneic HSCT recipients

Rabah Redjoul et al.

LANCET (2021)

Article Oncology

COVID-19 and stem cell transplantation; results from an EBMT and GETH multicenter prospective survey

Per Ljungman et al.

Summary: The study reveals that COVID-19 patients who have undergone allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation are at high risk of developing lower respiratory tract disease, requiring ICU admission, and have increased mortality rates.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

Article Oncology

COVID-19 among patients with hematological malignancies: a national Israeli retrospective analysis with special emphasis on treatment and outcome

Ilana Levy et al.

Summary: This study found that COVID-19 infection is particularly severe in patients with hematological malignancies. Factors like age over 70, hypertension, and active hematological cancer treatment may increase the risk of severe disease or hospitalization, while remdesivir stands out as the most effective treatment among those examined.

LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA (2021)

Article Oncology

Characteristics, clinical outcomes, and risk factors of SARS-COV-2 infection in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients: experience of the PETHEMA group

Tomas Palanques-Pastor et al.

Summary: This multicenter observational study found a higher mortality rate in AML patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Factors influencing mortality included age, gender, active leukemia, severity of symptoms, etc. Certain medications and biochemical markers may have a protective effect in lowering the mortality rate.

LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Early treatment of COVID-19 with anakinra guided by soluble urokinase plasminogen receptor plasma levels: a double-blind, randomized controlled phase 3 trial

Evdoxia Kyriazopoulou et al.

Summary: The SAVE-MORE phase 3 study demonstrated the efficacy of anakinra, an IL-1 alpha/beta inhibitor, in patients with COVID-19 and high serum levels of soluble plasminogen activator receptor, showing significant reduction in clinical deterioration and decreased 28-day mortality.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Bamlanivimab plus Etesevimab in Mild or Moderate Covid-19

M. Dougan et al.

Summary: In this phase 3 trial, the combination of bamlanivimab plus etesevimab was found to reduce the incidence of Covid-19-related hospitalization and death among high-risk ambulatory patients compared to placebo, and also accelerated the decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Tofacitinib in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia

Patricia O. Guimaraes et al.

Summary: Among patients hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, tofacitinib led to a lower risk of death or respiratory failure through day 28 than placebo. The mortality rate was lower in the tofacitinib group within 28 days. However, the rate of serious adverse events was similar in both groups.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Subcutaneous REGEN-COV Antibody Combination to Prevent Covid-19

M. P. O'Brien et al.

Summary: The study indicates that subcutaneous REGEN-COV can effectively prevent severe Covid-19 and reduce the duration of symptoms in individuals at high risk for infection due to household exposure to confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Early Convalescent Plasma for High-Risk Outpatients with Covid-19

Frederick K. Korley et al.

Summary: This study showed that administering Covid-19 convalescent plasma to high-risk outpatients within 1 week after symptom onset did not prevent disease progression.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Virology

Successful Clearance of 300 Day SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Subject with B-Cell Depletion Associated Prolonged (B-DEAP) COVID by REGEN-COV Anti-Spike Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail

Arnaud C. Drouin et al.

Summary: A 59-year-old male with follicular lymphoma was hospitalized with a COVID-19 infection and successfully cleared the virus after treatment with REGEN-COV antibodies. Monitoring virus mutations and coordinating a multidisciplinary team of experts were critical during the treatment process.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

Letter Oncology

Long-term follow-up of recovered MPN patients with COVID-19

Tiziano Barbui et al.

BLOOD CANCER JOURNAL (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Accuracy of novel antigen rapid diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2: A living systematic review and meta-analysis

Lukas E. Brummer et al.

Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical accuracy of commercially available Ag-RDTs for SARS-CoV-2. The study found that Ag-RDTs can detect the vast majority of infected individuals in the early phase of the disease and those with high viral load, making them valuable diagnostic tools. However, concerns were raised regarding bias across datasets and the need for standardization in conducting and reporting clinical accuracy studies for improved comparability and data utilization.

PLOS MEDICINE (2021)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Colchicine for community-treated patients with COVID-19 (COLCORONA): a phase 3, randomised, double-blinded, adaptive, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial

Jean-Claude Tardif et al.

Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effect of colchicine on the composite of COVID-19-related death or hospital admission. Among patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, colchicine led to a lower rate of the composite of death or hospital admission than placebo.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

Article Hematology

Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and early clinical outcomes in patients with haematological malignancies in Lithuania: a national prospective cohort study

Kazimieras Maneikis et al.

Summary: Patients with haematological malignancies exhibit blunted and heterogeneous antibody responses after receiving the full course of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination. Those actively treated with BTKIs, ruxolitinib, venetoclax, or anti-CD20 antibody therapies show the poorest responses, while patients who received tyrosine kinase inhibitors or various types of stem-cell transplantation had higher antibody responses. Severe breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths in fully vaccinated patients with haematological malignancies highlight the importance of continued adherence to non-pharmacological interventions and household vaccination.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Association of Convalescent Plasma Therapy With Survival in Patients With Hematologic Cancers and COVID-19

Michael A. Thompson et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the association of convalescent plasma treatment with 30-day mortality in hospitalized adults with hematologic cancers and COVID-19. Results showed that convalescent plasma treatment was associated with improved 30-day mortality, especially in patients requiring intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilatory support.

JAMA ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Immunological Response Against SARS-COV-2 After BNT162b2 Vaccine Administration Is Impaired in Allogeneic but Not in Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Martina Chiarucci et al.

Summary: The efficacy of Covid-19 vaccine in HSCT recipients remains uncertain. This study showed that prior Rituximab in autologous HSCT and cyclosporine administration in allogeneic HSCT negatively impacted antibody response. Additionally, increased numbers of CD19+ B lymphocytes and CD56+ natural killer cells correlated significantly with antibody response.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Successful Treatment of Persistent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in a Patient With Hypogammaglobulinemia With REGN-COV2: A Case Report

Pankaj Luitel et al.

Summary: This study reported a case of a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia who was successfully treated with REGN-COV2 for persistent COVID-19 pneumonia. Targeted antiviral antibodies may play a significant role in managing immunocompromised patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Hematology

Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

C. Perry et al.

Summary: Patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) undergoing R/Obi treatment have impaired humoral response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Longer time since exposure to R/Obi is associated with improved response rates to the COVID-19 vaccine. Multi-variable analysis reveals predictors for a positive serological response.

BLOOD ADVANCES (2021)

Article Hematology

Safety and Tolerability of SARS-CoV2 Emergency-Use Authorized Vaccines for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Haris Ali et al.

Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed 113 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) patients who received SARS-CoV2 vaccines, and found that the vaccines were well tolerated in this group. Common side effects included myalgias/arthralgias, fatigue, injection site pain, and liver function abnormalities, as well as neutropenia and other hematologic issues.

TRANSPLANTATION AND CELLULAR THERAPY (2021)

Article Hematology

Safety and Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients after Allogeneic HCT or CD19-based CART therapy-A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study

Ron Ram et al.

Summary: In this prospective evaluation, the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine showed good tolerability and impressive immunogenicity in patients after allogeneic HCT or CART. While most adverse events were mild and transient, some significant hematologic events were observed, indicating the need for close monitoring of patients.

TRANSPLANTATION AND CELLULAR THERAPY (2021)

Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Emergence of the E484K mutation in SARS-COV-2-infected immunocompromised patients treated with bamlanivimab in Germany

Bjoern Jensen et al.

Summary: The study indicates that treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with bamlanivimab in immunocompromised patients may result in the rapid development of immune escape variants, which could have significant implications for the effectiveness of vaccination and antibody-based therapies.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE (2021)

Review Critical Care Medicine

Diagnosis of severe respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients

Elie Azoulay et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2020)

Editorial Material Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: A clinical?therapeutic staging proposal

Hasan K. Siddiqi et al.

JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION (2020)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review

Giuseppe Pascarella et al.

JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study

Nicole M. Kuderer et al.

LANCET (2020)

Article Oncology

COVID-19 in persons with chronic myeloid leukaemia

Weiming Li et al.

LEUKEMIA (2020)

Editorial Material Oncology

Provision of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic

James Spicer et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe Covid-19

Jason D. Goldman et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19-Final Report

John H. Beigel et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: an observational study

Benjamin J. Cowling et al.

LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

Article Hematology

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality from COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancies

Jose Maria Sanchez-Pina et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY (2020)

Letter Hematology

COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies: A retrospective case series

Maria-Stefania Infante et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY

Elizabeth J. Williamson et al.

NATURE (2020)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis

Reed A. C. Siemieniuk et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

Review Infectious Diseases

Population-based seroprevalence surveys of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody: An up-to-date review

Chih-Cheng Lai et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 A Meta-analysis

Jonathan A. C. Sterne et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients With Moderate COVID-19 A Randomized Clinical Trial

Christoph D. Spinner et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19

John H. Stone et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19

Francois Lamontagne et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

Article Oncology

Risk factors and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies

Jose Luis Pinana et al.

EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2020)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Shedding of Viable SARS-CoV-2 after Immunosuppressive Therapy for Cancer

Teresa Aydillo et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Review Infectious Diseases

COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents

Li Jiang et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

Article Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6 function as potent interferon antagonists

Chun-Kit Yuen et al.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2020)

Review Cell Biology

Type I Interferons: Distinct Biological Activities and Current Applications for Viral Infection

Shi-fang Li et al.

CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (2018)