4.7 Article

Two for one: targeting BCMA and CD19 in B-cell malignancies with off-the-shelf dual-CAR NK-92 cells

期刊

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
卷 20, 期 1, 页码 -

出版社

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03326-6

关键词

Bispecific; Dual; Chimeric antigen receptor; NK-92; Off-the-shelf; Leukemia; Lymphoma; Myeloma

资金

  1. Kaushik Bhansali Fund
  2. Gilead Sciences and Janssen Pharmaceuticals
  3. FWO [1S72821N, G053518N, T001216N]
  4. public utility foundation MeToYou (Belgium)
  5. DOC-PRO PhD grant of the Special Research Fund (BOF) of the University of Antwerp
  6. Kom op tegen Kanker (Stand up to Cancer, Belgium)
  7. KotK [KotK/2018/11465/]
  8. 2020 Gilead BeLux fellowship

向作者/读者索取更多资源

CAR T-cell therapy is valuable for treating B-cell malignancies, but can lead to antigen-negative tumor cell outgrowth. Using NK cells as an alternative to T cells and employing a multi-target strategy may be a more effective approach.
Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has proven to be a valuable new treatment option for patients with B-cell malignancies. However, by applying selective pressure, outgrowth of antigen-negative tumor cells can occur, eventually resulting in relapse. Subsequent rescue by administration of CAR-T cells with different antigen-specificity indicates that those tumor cells are still sensitive to CAR-T treatment and points towards a multi-target strategy. Due to their natural tumor sensitivity and highly cytotoxic nature, natural killer (NK) cells are a compelling alternative to T cells, especially considering the availability of an off-the-shelf unlimited supply in the form of the clinically validated NK-92 cell line. Methods Given our goal to develop a flexible system whereby the CAR expression repertoire of the effector cells can be rapidly adapted to the changing antigen expression profile of the target cells, electrotransfection with CD19-/BCMA-CAR mRNA was chosen as CAR loading method in this study. We evaluated the functionality of mRNA-engineered dual-CAR NK-92 against tumor B-cell lines and primary patient samples. In order to test the clinical applicability of the proposed cell therapy product, the effect of irradiation on the proliferative rate and functionality of dual-CAR NK-92 cells was investigated. Results Co-electroporation of CD19 and BMCA CAR mRNA was highly efficient, resulting in 88.1% dual-CAR NK-92 cells. In terms of CD107a degranulation, and secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma and granzyme B, dual-CAR NK-92 significantly outperformed single-CAR NK-92. More importantly, the killing capacity of dual-CAR NK-92 exceeded 60% of single and dual antigen-expressing cell lines, as well as primary tumor cells, in a 4h co-culture assay at low effector to target ratios, matching that of single-CAR counterparts. Furthermore, our results confirm that dual-CAR NK-92 irradiated with 10 Gy cease to proliferate and are gradually cleared while maintaining their killing capacity. Conclusions Here, using the clinically validated NK-92 cell line as a therapeutic cell source, we established a readily accessible and flexible platform for the generation of highly functional dual-targeted CAR-NK cells.

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