Formation of multilayered scale in the process of high-temperature oxidation of steel S235

The article concerns high-temperature corrosion of steel S235. Samples were oxidized in air for 480 s. The experiment was carried out at the following temperatures: 1100 degrees C or 1200 degrees C. The emissivity factor of the scale was measured with a thermal camera. The emissivity of the oxidation layer formed at the lower temperature was 0.65, and for the layer oxidized at the higher temperature, it was 0.59. The formed scale had a tree-layer structure, which included: Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO. The thickness and structure of the scale were compared, both in cross section and on their surface. The oxide scale formed at 1200 degrees C was twice as thick as that formed at 1100 degrees C. The scale layer with the lowest oxidation state at the higher temperature was 60.5% and at the lower temperature 54.4%. The scale surface formed at 1100 degrees C consisted of several phases and was delaminated, whereas the surface of oxidized layer at 1200 degrees C was compact and homogeneous.

Automated summary

The article investigates the high-temperature corrosion of steel S235, concluding that the oxide scale formed at higher temperatures is thicker and more homogeneous compared to lower temperatures. The surface characteristics of the oxidized layers also vary, with the layer formed at 1100 degrees C showing delamination and multiple phases, while the layer formed at 1200 degrees C is compact and uniform.