Powered-gliding/climbing flight

Article Biology

Flight altitude dynamics of migrating European nightjars across regions and seasons

Gabriel Norevik et al.

Summary: Research found that European nightjars exhibit more exploratory vertical flights during spring migrations, including major climbs, greater vertical displacement, and less time spent in level flight. They typically operate at ascent rates below the theoretical maximum and descend actively rather than by gliding flight.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Extreme altitudes during diurnal flights in a nocturnal songbird migrant

Sissel Sjoberg et al.

Summary: Great reed warblers prolong their flights into daytime when crossing the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert, reaching extreme cruising altitudes at dawn. This behavior may be influenced by diel variation in environmental factors, providing new perspectives on constraints in bird flight.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Extreme altitude changes between night and day during marathon flights of great snipes

Ake Lindstrom et al.

Summary: Several factors affect the flight altitude of migratory birds, such as topography, ambient temperature, wind conditions, air humidity, and predation avoidance. Recent tracking data showed that migratory birds, like the great snipes, change altitude around dawn and dusk during seasonal migrations, possibly for orientation by landmarks, predator avoidance, and seeking cold altitudes to counteract heating from direct sunlight.

CURRENT BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biology