Individual specialization and generalization in predator-prey dynamics: The determinant role of predation efficiency and prey reproductive rates

Individual specialization and generalization refer to the breadth of prey types consumed by predators among all available prey. The ecological factors mechanistically determining individual differences and the coexistence of foraging strategies remain to be clarified. Formal quantitative models can elucidate the complex nonlinear mechanisms underlying predator-prey interactions. In this study, we built a dynamical model with multiple prey, with different nutritional values and reproductive rates, which are consumed by specialist and generalist predators. We then analyzed the viability of individual foraging strategies in all possible scenarios. Relative prey fertility and relative efficiency of predation, rather than prey nutritional value, determined the success of specialists and generalists. Less reproducing prey and the specialists relying on them face the highest danger of extinction, while generalists cannot thrive where specialists are sufficiently efficient in relation to the number of available prey. Our study provides new perspectives for empirical studies on individual specialization.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Individual specialization and generalization refer to the breadth of prey types consumed by predators among all available prey. This study used a dynamical model to analyze the viability of individual foraging strategies. The results showed that the relative prey fertility and relative efficiency of predation determined the success of specialists and generalists.