Nano 5% Fe-ZnO: A highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous solid nano catalyst for the Biginelli reaction

In this paper, we report the synthesis and catalytic application of 5% Fe-ZnO nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one derivatives as a highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst. The structural and morphological features of the synthesized nanocatalysts were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using Debye-Scherer's formula, the average particle size for undoped ZnO was calculated to be 24.55 nm, while the average particle size for 5% Fe-ZnO was calculated to be 22.37 nm. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed a hexagonal crystal lattice type. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of ZnO and 5% Fe-ZnO was found to be 56.50 m(2)/g and 72.65 m(2)/ g, respectively. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) confirmed the elemental composition of undoped ZnO and doped 5% Fe-ZnO nanocatalysts. Biginelli products were produced using a one-pot three-component reaction of urea, beta-dicarbonyl compound, and various aromatic aldehydes using 5% Fe-ZnO under clean conditions. It was found that a 5% Fe-ZnO nanocatalyst is a highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropirimidinones. 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis was used to confirm the structure of the synthesized Biginelli adducts. This synthetic protocol offers several advantages, including a short reaction time and purity of the synthesized, reusability and ease of catalyst separation, and a clean and quick workup.

Automated summary

In this study, the synthesis and catalytic application of 5% Fe-ZnO nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one derivatives were reported. The structural and morphological features of the synthesized nanocatalysts were investigated using XRD and SEM. The properties of the nanocatalyst, including particle size, crystal lattice structure, and surface area, were determined using various experimental methods. NMR analysis confirmed the structure of the synthesized products. The results demonstrate that 5% Fe-ZnO nanocatalyst is a highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one derivatives.