期刊
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
卷 31, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13583
关键词
automated spindle detection; closed-loop acoustic feedback; procedural memory consolidation; sleep spindle; slow oscillation
资金
- 2022 Joint Research Project of Institutes of Science and Technology
- Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) - Korea government [2017-0-00451]
The study demonstrates that the closed-loop feedback method has the potential to stabilize sleep and improve procedural memory. Closed-loop acoustic feedback has a positive impact on sleep spindle activity and can enhance procedural learning while reducing wake time.
There have been numerous attempts over the decades to introduce closed-loop feedback to induce sleep oscillations. Recently, our group also introduced closed-loop acoustic feedback to the sleep spindle and reported improved procedural memory consolidation during a nap with spindle-targeted pink noise stimulation. In this study, we replicated our previous work with a control condition in an attempt to investigate the effect of closed-loop feedback on procedural memory. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the subjects' procedural learning and reduced wake time during the nap with closed-loop acoustic stimulation compared with the control condition. Further, we found that randomized acoustic stimuli lead to more frequent spindle activity and a faster decrement in slow oscillation power compared with the sham condition. There were strong correlations between slow oscillation and measures related to sleep efficiency as well. Interestingly, we found a marginal enhancement in procedural learning during the nap with the closed-loop acoustic stimulation compared with the sham nap. We also found a marginal decrement in theta power during the nap with closed-loop feedback compared with the sham nap, and a negative correlation between slow oscillation and theta power. We speculate that the marginal improvement in procedural learning may be related to closed-loop acoustic feedback's stabilization of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Taken together, this study shows that the closed-loop feedback method has the potential to stabilize sleep and improve procedural memory.
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