Quality of life, pain of prepectoral and subpectoral implant-based breast reconstruction with a discussion on cost: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction (PIBR) has regained popularity, despite decades-long preference for subpectoral implant placement. This paper aims to compare patient-reported outcomes (PRO) between prepectoral and subpectoral approaches to implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR). The primary PRO was with the BREASTQ, and postoperative pain scores, while the secondary outcomes were complication rates. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed library was performed. All studies on patients undergoing IBBR after mastectomy that compared prepectoral to subpectoral placement and PROM or postoperative pain were included.Results: A total of 3789 unique studies of which 7 publications with 216 and 332 patients who received prepectoral and subpectoral implants, respectively, were included for meta-analysis. Patients with prepectoral implant placement had significantly higher satisfaction with the outcome ( p = 0.03) and psychosocial well-being ( p = 0.03) module scores. The pain was lower in patients with prepectoral implants on postoperative day 1 ( p < 0.01) and day 7 ( p < 0.01). The subgroup analysis of prepectoral breast implants showed that complete acellular dermal matrix coverage had lower rates of wound dehiscence ( p < 0.0001), but there were no significant differences in complications between one-stage and two-stage procedures.Conclusion: Overall, patients with prepectoral implants reported higher BREAST-Q scores and lower postoperative pain and lower complications rates than patients with subpectoral implants. In appropriately selected patients, prepectoral implant placement with ADM coverage, be it the primary placement of an implant or placement of a tissue expander before definitive implant placement, should be the modality of choice in patients who choose IBBR. Further re-search should focus on patient selection, strategies to reduce cost and cost-benefit analysis of PIBR. (c) 2022 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by El-sevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study aimed to compare patient-reported outcomes between prepectoral and subpectoral approaches to implant-based breast reconstruction. The study found that patients with prepectoral implant placement had higher satisfaction, better psychosocial well-being, lower postoperative pain, and lower complication rates. Prepectoral implant placement should be the preferred choice in appropriately selected patients.