Reconstruction of complex oro-mandibular defects by four different modifications of free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap: A prudent alternative to multiple flaps

Introduction: Resection of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma results in com-plex oro-mandibular defects involving external skin, oral mucosa, and bone. Reconstruction of such defects by a single free fibula flap (FFF) is limited by the lack of soft tissue bulk and ad-equate skin paddle for both intra-and extra-oral coverage. In this study, the reconstruction of large defects was achieved by four modifications of free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap as an alternative to multiple flaps.Methods: In this prospective study, 29 patients with complex oro-mandibular defects were reconstructed by FFF from December 2018 to October 2020. Reconstruction was done with any one of the four FFF modifications involving large proximal skin paddle from lateral leg: Strip de-epithelialization (De-Ep), chimeric bipaddle (Ch-Bp), muscle orally and skin extra -orally (Mo-Se), and double microvascular (Db-Mi). Outcome variables assessed were functional and esthetic results, early/late complications, donor site morbidity, and operative time. An algorithm based on Cordeiro's classification is proposed to assist in the selection of appropriate FFF modification.Results: Among 29 patients, De-Ep was used in 13, Ch-Bp in 8, Mo-Se in 7, and Db-Mi in 1 case. None of the flaps underwent total loss. Two cases required re-exploration. The median operative time was 775 min. Wound dehiscence and oro-cutaneous fistula were common early and late complications, respectively. Partial split skin graft loss (SSG) was the most common donor site morbidity. Functional and facial aesthetics were acceptable at the end of follow-up.Conclusions: Specific FFF modifications can be recommended in selected scenarios. It is reli-able for single-stage reconstruction with satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes. When used for reconstruction in first primary tumors, the second donor site is preserved, which can prove valuable in the event of a recurrence or second primary.(c) 2022 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by El-sevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study explores four modifications of the free fibula osteomyocutaneous flap for reconstruction of complex oro-mandibular defects. The findings demonstrate that these modifications provide reliable outcomes for single-stage reconstruction with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results.