Biosynthesis of the ZnO/SnO2 nanoparticles and characterization of their photocatalytic potential for removal of organic water pollutants

Plants are rich sources of antioxidant compounds including phenols and flavonoids. These antioxidants are crucial elements in diet and protect the body against oxidative stress. In this study, antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds and flavonoids of mistletoe (Viscum album), as a substituent for synthetic antioxidants, was quantitatively investigated. The plant alcoholic (ethanol) extract was used for biosynthesis of the ZnO/SnO2 composite nanoparticles that were employed for photodegradation of three organic pollutants (Congo red (CR), Biphenyl A (BPA), and tetracycline (TC)) under solar light. The photodegradation tests were performed considering the effect of pH, photocatalyst dosage, temperature, and initial concentration of the pollutants. The obtained data were analyzed by a Pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The most optimum conditions for photo degradation of the organic pollutants were found to be: 5 mg/l initial pollutant concentration, 0.5 g/l photo catalyst dosage, and acidic pH. The reusability test implied that the nanoparticles remain stable and can perform well even after 4 cycles of reuse. Conclusively, Viscum album extract offers promising antioxidant properties and allows for biosynthesis of the composite nanoparticles that can optimally photodegrade organic pollutants of wastewater under solar light.

Automated summary

Plants, such as mistletoe, are rich sources of antioxidants that can be used to synthesize composite nanoparticles for the photodegradation of organic pollutants. The addition of mistletoe extract to the composite nanoparticles results in efficient degradation of pollutants under optimal conditions.