Clouding and thermodynamic behavior of the triton X-100+metformin hydrochloride drug mixture: Investigation of the impacts of potassium salts

The cloud point (CP) of aqueous triton X-100 (TX-100) and metformin hydrochloride (MNH) mixture was investigated in the attendance of various inorganic salts (KCl, KHSO4, K2SO4, and K3PO4) media. TX-100 concentration for CP measurement was chosen well above the critical micelle concentration value of TX-100. The values of CP decrease as the electrolyte's concentration raises, turning the clear solution cloudy. The reason of the reducing CP is the enhanced aggregation. Thermodynamic variables of the clouding process (standard free energy (Delta G(c)(0)), standard enthalpy (Delta H-c(0)), and standard entropy (Delta S-c(o))) were determined at CP. The Gibbs free energy (Delta G(c)(0)) values were positive but dropped as the additive (inorganic electrolytes) concentrations increased. This result demonstrated that the TX-100 + MNH mixture's phase partition was thermodynamically unfavoured, and the percentage of its non-spontaneity reduced as the electrolytes concentration enhanced. The values of enthalpy (Delta H-c(0)) and entropy (Delta S-c(o)) for the phase separation were achieved negative at lower electrolyte concentrations and positive at higher contents. The Delta H-c(0) and Delta S-c(o) values suggest that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are the primary forces amongst TX-100 and MNH. Here, the intrinsic enthalpy gain (Delta H-c(0)*) and the compensation temperature (T-c) are as well computed and explained. (C) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The cloud point of the mixture of aqueous triton X-100 and metformin hydrochloride was studied in the presence of various inorganic salts. The values of cloud point decreased as the concentration of electrolytes increased, indicating enhanced aggregation. Thermodynamic variables were determined, revealing that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are the primary forces between triton X-100 and metformin hydrochloride.