Sex- and age-specific regulation of ACE2: Insights into severe COVID-19 susceptibility

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Sex differences in COVID-19: candidate pathways, genetics of ACE2, and sex hormones

Anissa Viveiros et al.

Summary: Biological sex is a critical determinant in health and disease, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic where males tend to exhibit more severe symptoms and higher mortality rates. The similarities in sex differences between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 are largely due to the involvement of the innate immune system and the RAS. Additionally, the role of ACE2 in both diseases and the activation of ADAM17 exacerbating ACE2 loss are key factors influencing disease outcomes.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Single-cell meta-analysis of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes across tissues and demographics

Christoph Muus et al.

Summary: Our study reveals that cell-type-specific expression patterns of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL are associated with the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Factors such as age, sex, and smoking status are linked to the expression of viral entry genes in respiratory cell populations, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for intervention. The integrated analysis of single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics studies highlights coexpression patterns of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry genes across different human tissues.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Plasma ACE2 predicts outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients

Tue W. Kragstrup et al.

Summary: This study suggests that measuring plasma ACE2 levels may help predict COVID-19 outcomes. Furthermore, ACE2 could serve as a link between COVID-19 severity and established risk factors such as hypertension, pre-existing heart disease, and pre-existing kidney disease.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Physiology