Lattice strain-, size-, and magnetic- dependent anti-Trichinella spiralis effect of Er3+ lightly doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles: In-vivo and in-vitro evaluations

Er-doped zinc-ferrite nanoparticles ZnFe2-xErxO4 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.10) with diluted Er3+-doping concentrations were synthesized by coprecipitation method and subjected to structural, morphological, electrical, and magnetic investigations. Their anti-Trichinella spiralis activity was in-vivo and in-vitro examined. ZnFe1.94Er0.06O4 structure was enriched by lattice-defects compared to other nanoferrites, displaying minimum Fe-O bond-length and hopping-lengths (octahedral and tetrahedral sites). These defects were the key-advantage behind owing of ZnFe1.94Er0.06O4 nanospheres to (i) lowest particle-size (of similar to 8 nm), (ii) highest magneticmoment (similar to 0.11), and lowest magnetic-anisotropy (similar to 13.5) and coercivity (similar to 10.5G) with unattainable saturation-magnetization, and (iii) electrical-insulating nature. As regards, ZnFe1.94Er0.06O4 exhibits superior anti-Trichinella spiralis activity. Orally-administration of ZnFe1.94Er0.06O4 in T. spiralis infected-mice at intestinal and muscle-larvae stages showed near 100% adult-worm mortality and proficient-reduction in larval-count with marked-improvement of histological/physiological features. Anti-Trichinella spiralis activity in-vitro of ZnFe(1.94)Er(0.06)O(4 )showed drastic sloughing and severe destruction of worm-body. With ZnFe1.94Er0.06O4, ending of trichinellosis becomes much closer than ever before.

Automated summary

The Er-doped zinc-ferrite nanoparticles ZnFe2-xErxO4 were synthesized and characterized for their structural, morphological, electrical, and magnetic properties, as well as their anti-Trichinella spiralis activity. ZnFe1.94Er0.06O4 showed superior performance in inhibiting Trichinella spiralis, making it a promising candidate for a new type of drug against this parasite.