期刊
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
卷 112, 期 2, 页码 339-346出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.4COVCRA0721-356RRR
关键词
COVID-19; cross-reactive immunity; HCoV-OC43; SARS-CoV-2
资金
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) [202020E079, CSIC-COVID19-028]
- Madrid Regional Government [S2017/BMD-3733-2]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, EU) [RTI2018-093569-B-I00, SAF2017-82940-R, SAF2017-83265-R, SAF201782886-R]
- RETICS Program of ISCIII [RD16/0012/0006]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [FPU18/01698]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [PRE2018-083200]
Several unanswered questions remain about humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2, including whether preexisting memory T or B cells in unexposed individuals can recognize and suppress COVID-19. Research has shown that while some unexposed individuals have cross-reactive T cell responses, these responses are weak in aspects like T-FH expansion, which may impact the generation of effective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Understanding these differences in cellular responses is crucial for advancing our knowledge of immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Multiple questions about SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immunity remain unanswered. One key question is whether preexisting memory T or B cells, specific for related coronaviruses in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals, can recognize and suppress COVID-19, but this issue remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens are restricted to serum samples from COVID-19 convalescent individuals. In contrast, cross-reactive T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production responses were detected in PBMCs of around 30% of donor samples collected prepandemic, although we found that these prepandemic T cell responses only elicited weak cT(FH) activation upon stimulation with either HCoV-OC43 or SARS-CoV-2 NP protein. Overall, these observations confirm that T cell cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2 antigens are present in unexposed people, but suggest that the T cell response to HCoV-OC43 could be deficient in some important aspects, like T-FH expansion, that might compromise the generation of cross-reactive T-FH cells and antibodies. Understanding these differences in cellular responses may be of critical importance to advance in our knowledge of immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
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