Spatial distribution of toxic metal(loid)s at an abandoned zinc smelting site, Southern China.

Toxic metal(loid) (TM) soil pollution at large-scale non-ferrous metal smelting contaminated sites is of great concern in China, but there are no detailed reports relating to them. A comprehensive study was conducted to determine contamination characteristics and horizontal and vertical spatial distribution patterns of soils at an abandoned zinc smelting site in Southern China. The spatial distribution of TMs revealed that soil environmental quality was seriously threatened, with Cd, Zn, As, Pb and Hg being the main contaminants present. The distribution of all TMs showed strong spatial heterogeneity and were expressed as a patchy aggregation pattern due to strong anthropogenic and production activities. Vertical migration of TMs indicated that the pollutants were mainly concentrated in the fill layers. Different contaminants had various migration depths, with migration occurring as: Cd > Hg > As > Zn > Pb> Cu> Mn> Sb. Analysis of their spatial variability showed that As, Pb, Cd and Hg had strong regional spatial variability. This research provides a new approach to comprehensively analyze TM pollution characteristics of non-ferrous smelting sites. It provides valuable information for guiding post-remediation strategies at abandoned non-ferrous metal smelting sites.

Automated summary

A comprehensive study was conducted on an abandoned zinc smelting site in Southern China to determine contamination characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of toxic metal(loid)s in soils. The study found that soil environmental quality was seriously threatened by Cd, Zn, As, Pb, and Hg contaminants, with strong spatial heterogeneity in their distribution. The study also showed that the pollutants mainly concentrated in fill layers, with different contaminants exhibiting varying migration depths and spatial variability.