期刊
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
卷 308, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114655
关键词
PFOA; PFOS; Sensing; Detection; Water monitoring; Economics; Nanomaterials
资金
- Australian Research Council (ARC)
- Khalifa University
- Deakin University
- Ministry of Education, Government of India [IoE/2021/12/FRP]
- Uni-versity of Delhi
- University Grants Commission for Junior Research Fellowship
- University of Delhi
- [RC2-2019-007]
This review critically discusses and benchmarks the current nano-enabled methods for PFAS sensing and monitoring in wastewater, comparing them with conventional detection methods. The results show that electrochemical and biosensing methods are the most reliable and promising tools for future PFAS sensing.
Per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are an emerging class of environmental contaminants used as an additive across various commodity and fire-retardant products, for their unique thermo-chemical stability, and to alter their surface properties towards selective liquid repellence. These properties also make PFAS highly persistent and mobile across various environmental compartments, leading to bioaccumulation, and causing acute ecotoxicity at all trophic levels particularly to human populations, thus increasing the need for monitoring at their repositories or usage sites. In this review, current nano-enabled methods towards PFAS sensing and its monitoring in wastewater are critically discussed and benchmarked against conventional detection methods. The discussion correlates the materials' properties to the sensitivity, responsiveness, and reproducibility of the sensing performance for nano-enabled sensors in currently explored electrochemical, spectrophotometric, colorimetric, optical, fluorometric, and biochemical with limits of detection of 1.02 x 10(-6) mu g/L, 2.8 mu g/L, 1 mu g/ L, 0.13 mu g/L, 6.0 x 10(-5) mu g/L, and 4.141 x 10(-7) mu g/L respectively. The cost-effectiveness of sensing platforms plays an important role in the on-site analysis success and upscalability of nano-enabled sensors. Environmental monitoring of PFAS is a step closer to PFAS remediation. Electrochemical and biosensing methods have proven to be the most reliable tools for future PFAS sensing endeavors with very promising detection limits in an aqueous matrix, short detection times, and ease of fabrication.
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