Resonance conditions, detection quality, and single-molecule sensitivity in fluorescence-encoded infrared vibrational spectroscopy

Fluorescence-encoded infrared (FEIR) spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopy technique that has recently demonstrated the capability of single-molecule sensitivity in solution without near-field enhancement. This work explores the practical experimental factors that are required for successful FEIR measurements in both the single-molecule and bulk regimes. We investigate the role of resonance conditions by performing measurements on a series of coumarin fluorophores of varying electronic transition frequencies. To analyze variations in signal strength and signal to background between molecules, we introduce an FEIR brightness metric that normalizes out measurement-specific parameters. We find that the effect of the resonance condition on FEIR brightness can be reasonably well described by the electronic absorption spectrum. We discuss strategies for optimizing detection quality and sensitivity in bulk and single-molecule experiments.& nbsp;Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.

Automated summary

Fluorescence-encoded infrared (FEIR) spectroscopy is a technique that can achieve single-molecule sensitivity in solution. This study investigates the experimental factors for successful FEIR measurements and introduces a brightness metric to analyze variations in signal strength and signal to background. The resonance condition is found to affect FEIR brightness, and strategies for optimizing detection quality and sensitivity are discussed.