期刊
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
卷 135, 期 5, 页码 -出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259357
关键词
Membrane contact sites; Membrane homeostasis; Protein-mediated lipid transport
类别
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01GM135290, R35GM131715]
- Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF) [ASAP-000580]
This article reviews the structure and function of a new class of lipid transporters, discussing their coordination with other lipid transport proteins. It also explores the potential role of this type of lipid transport in membrane expansion and other emerging hypotheses and questions.
At organelle-organelle contact sites, proteins have long been known to facilitate the rapid movement of lipids. Classically, this lipid transport involves the extraction of single lipids into a hydrophobic pocket on a lipid transport protein. Recently, a new class of lipid transporter has been described with physical characteristics that suggest these proteins are likely to function differently. They possess long hydrophobic tracts that can bind many lipids at once and physically span the entire gulf between membranes at contact sites, suggesting that they may act as bridges to facilitate bulk lipid flow. Here, we review what has been learned regarding the structure and function of this class of lipid transporters, whose best characterized members are VPS13 and ATG2 proteins, and their apparent coordination with other lipid-mobilizing proteins on organelle membranes. We also discuss the prevailing hypothesis in the field, that this type of lipid transport may facilitate membrane expansion through the bulk delivery of lipids, as well as other emerging hypotheses and questions surrounding these novel lipid transport proteins.
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