Review and synthesis of the global literature on domestic cat impacts on wildlife

A vast global literature documents that free-roaming domestic cats (Felis catus) have substantial negative effects on wildlife, including through predation, fear, disease and competition-related impacts that have contributed to numerous wildlife extinctions and population declines worldwide. However, no study has synthesized this literature on cat impacts on wildlife to evaluate its overarching biases and major gaps. To direct future research and conservation related to cat impacts on wildlife, we conducted a global literature review that entailed evaluation and synthesis of patterns and gaps in the literature related to the geographic context, methods and types of impacts studied. Our systematic literature search compiled 2245 publications. We extracted information from 332 of these meeting inclusion criteria designed to ensure the relevance of studies analysed. This synthesis of research on cat impacts on wildlife highlights a focus on oceanic islands, Australia, Europe, and North America, and on rural areas, predation, impacts of unowned cats, and impacts at population and species levels. Key research advances needed to better understand and manage cat impacts include more studies in underrepresented, highly biodiverse regions (Africa, Asia, and South America), on cat impacts other than predation, and on methods designed to reduce impacts on wildlife. The identified areas of needed research into cat impacts on wildlife will be critical to further clarifying the role of cats in global wildlife declines and to implementing science-driven policy and management that benefit conservation efforts.

Automated summary

A vast global literature shows that free-roaming domestic cats have negative effects on wildlife, including predation, fear, disease and competition-related impacts. This study aims to synthesize the existing literature on cat impacts on wildlife and identify biases and gaps. The research focuses on oceanic islands, Australia, Europe, and North America, with an emphasis on predation, impacts of unowned cats, and impacts at population and species levels. Further research is needed in underrepresented regions such as Africa, Asia, and South America, exploring impacts other than predation and developing methods to mitigate cat impacts on wildlife.