Effect of co doping on the electric and dielectric properties of Bi3.8-xEr0.2YbxTi3O12 lead-free ceramics

The development of novel lead-free materials operating at high temperature and able to replace lead-based compounds and their derivatives in different devices is currently a remarkable challenge. In spite of having a high Curie temperature, the ferroelectric Bi4Ti3O12 is rarely used as a piezoelectric due to its high conductivity. In this work, Bi ions in Bi4Ti3O12 were partially replaced with Yb and Er aiming to compensate oxygen vacancies and improve others physical properties. In particular, Bi3.8-xEr0.2YbxTi3O12 compounds with x = 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 were prepared by a low-cost solid-solid state reaction process, and their structural, optical and electrical properties were investigated. It was observed that, at low temperatures, the conductivity, impedance and permittivity are mainly governed by grain effects, and by grain boundaries and grains effects at high temperatures. The electrical conductivity at 700 K decreases with Yb content and shows a minimum for x = 0.2. The relative permittivity at high temperatures is colossal while the tangent loss is negligible. High permittivities accompanied with low loss factor were obtained for Bi3.6 Er0.2Yb0.2Ti3O12. These results open a wide application domain for this particular compound. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study focuses on the development of novel lead-free materials that can replace lead-based compounds in high-temperature devices. By partially replacing Bi ions in Bi4Ti3O12 with Yb and Er, the researchers aimed to improve the material's physical properties. By adjusting the Yb content, they were able to control the conductivity, impedance, and permittivity of the material at different temperatures, opening up new possibilities for its application.