Prophylactic Rivaroxaban Therapy for Left Ventricular Thrombus After Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rivaroxaban on left ventricle thromboprophylaxis in patients with anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). BACKGROUND Anterior STEMI is associated with an increased risk of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation. The contemporary role of prophylactic rivaroxaban therapy remains unclear. METHODS We randomly assigned 279 patients with anterior STEMI who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention to receive, in a 1:1 ratio, low-dose rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily for 30 days) and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) or only DAPT. The primary efficacy outcome was the LVT formation within 30 days. Net clinical adverse events were assessed at 30 days and 180 days, including all-cause mortality, LVT, systemic embolism, rehospitalization for cardiovascular events, and bleeding. RESULTS The addition of low-dose rivaroxaban to DAPT reduced LVT formation within 30 days compared with only DAPT (0.7% vs 8.6%; HR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.62; P = 0.015; P < 0.001 for superiority). Net clinical adverse events were lower within 30 days in the rivaroxaban group versus those in the only DAPT group and remained relatively low throughout the follow-up period. There were no significant differences in bleeding events between the 2 groups in 30 days and 180 days. However, 1 case of intracranial hemorrhage (major bleeding) occurred in the rivaroxaban group within 30 days. CONCLUSIONS Our results supported that the short-duration addition of low-dose rivaroxaban to DAPT could prevent LVT formation in patients with anterior STEMI following primary percutaneous coronary intervention. A larger multiple-institution study is necessary to determine the generalizability. (C) 2022 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

Automated summary

This study investigated the effects of rivaroxaban on thromboprophylaxis in patients with anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The addition of low-dose rivaroxaban to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) reduced left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation within 30 days compared to only DAPT. Net clinical adverse events were lower in the rivaroxaban group at 30 days and remained relatively low throughout the follow-up period. A case of major bleeding occurred in the rivaroxaban group within 30 days.