期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 23, 期 11, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116153
关键词
apple fruit; coloration; pigment content; light; sunburn; small heat shock proteins
资金
- Rural Development Administration research program, Korea [PJ01605601]
The coloration of apple fruits depends on pigment content, and light stimulus and carotenoids are involved in the coloring process. The pigment content and the expression of carotenoid metabolism genes in apple fruits vary significantly under different light conditions, and the genetic background also plays a role. Additionally, a combination of light and transitory overexpression of carotenogenic genes can enhance fruit coloration and pigment content.
The coloration of the apple fruit (Malus x domestica Borkh.) depends on pigment content. Light stimulus activates a broad range of photosynthesis-related genes, including carotenoids. The effect of light on two red commercial apple cultivars, 'Summer Prince' and 'Arisoo' at the juvenile stage were examined. Apple fruits were either bagged to reduce light irradiation or were exposed to direct, enhanced sunlight (reflected). The pigment content and the expression of carotenoid metabolism genes in the peel and flesh of apple fruits were significantly different between the shaded and the reflected parts. These parameters were also different in the two cultivars, highlighting the contribution of the genetic background. Further, a combination of light and transient overexpression of carotenogenic genes increased fruit coloration and pigment content in the variety 'RubyS'. Western blot analysis showed the expression of small heat shock proteins (smHSP) in lysates extracted from the reflected part of the fruits but not in the bagged fruits, indicating the activation of smHSP in response to heat generated by the reflected light. Therefore, the synergy between the genes and the environment dictates the color of apple fruits.
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