期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 23, 期 9, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094610
关键词
neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; multiple sclerosis; molecular biomarkers; epigenetics
资金
- Medical University of Bialystok, Poland [SUB/1/DN/22/005/1198, SUB/1/DN/22/003/1198]
The degeneration and dysfunction of neurons are key features of neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers and clinicians face challenges in early diagnosis and detection of neuronal dysfunction. miRNAs and extracellular microvesicles may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and research of neurodegenerative diseases, but there are limitations to their use.
The degeneration and dysfunction of neurons are key features of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Currently, one of the main challenges facing researchers and clinicians is the ability to obtain reliable diagnostic tools that will allow for the diagnosis of NDs as early as possible and the detection of neuronal dysfunction, preferably in the presymptomatic stage. Additionally, better tools for assessing disease progression in this group of disorders are also being sought. The ideal biomarker must have high sensitivity and specificity, be easy to measure, give reproducible results, and reflect the disease progression. Molecular biomarkers include miRNAs and extracellular microvesicles known as exosomes. They may be measured in two extracellular fluids of the highest importance in NDs, i.e., cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. The aim of the current review is to summarize the pathophysiology of the four most frequent NDs-i.e., Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS)-as well as current progress in the research into miRNAs as biomarkers in these major neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we discuss the possibility of using miRNA-based therapies in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and present the limitations of this type of therapy.
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