期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 23, 期 5, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052540
关键词
indole based-benzenesulfonamide; amide coupling; carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; molecular docking; structure-activity relationship (SAR)
资金
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MSIT) [2018R1A5A2023127]
- BK21 FOUR program through NRF - Ministry of Education of Korea
In this study, a novel series of indole-based benzenesulfonamides were designed and synthesized as potential carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their activity against different carbonic anhydrase isoforms, and compound 2a showed the most potent inhibition against the hCA II isoform with high selectivity.
In recent decades, human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (hCAIs) have emerged as an important therapeutic class with various applications including antiglaucoma, anticonvulsants, and anticancer agents. Herein, a novel series of indole-based benzenesulfonamides were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as potential hCAIs. A regioisomerism of the sulfonamide moiety was carried out to afford a total of fifteen indole-based benzenesulfonamides possessing different amide linkers that enable the ligands to be flexible and develop potential H-bond interaction(s) with the target protein. The activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated against four hCA isoforms (I, II, IX and, XII). Compounds 2b, 2c, 2d, 2f, 2h and 2o exhibited potent and selective profiles over the hCA II isoform with K-i values of 7.3, 9.0, 7.1, 16.0, 8.6 and 7.5 nM, respectively. Among all, compound 2a demonstrated the most potent inhibition against the hCA II isoform with an inhibitory constant (K-i) of 5.9 nM, with 13-, 34-, and 9-fold selectivity for hCA II over I, IX and XII isoforms, respectively. Structure-activity relationship data attained for various substitutions were rationalized. Furthermore, a molecular docking study gave insights into both inhibitory activity and selectivity of the target compounds. Accordingly, this report presents a successful scaffold hoping approach that reveals compound 2a as a highly potent and selective indole-based hCA II inhibitor worthy of further investigation.
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