Associations of total urinary arsenic with total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein among 12-17-year-old participants from the 2009-2016 NHANES cycles: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Hypertension and diabetes are highly prevalent among US adults. Arsenic exposure is associated with these cardiometabolic morbidities but the relationship between arsenic exposure and cholesterol markers of cardiometabolic disease has not been elucidated, especially at younger ages, when many chronic diseases may initiate. This study examined the association of total urinary arsenic with total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and explored effect modification by weight status.& nbsp;Methods: The study sample consisted of 12-17-year-old participants with complete data from the 2009-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles. The cross-sectional associations of creatinine-adjusted total urinary arsenic with TC and HDL were assessed using multivariable linear regression models with survey weights. Three models were built, adjusting for varying combinations of age, gender, race/ethnicity, weight status, survey cycle, family income to poverty ratio, reference person education level, arsenobetaine, and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Model adjustments for arsenobetaine approximated inorganic arsenic exposure, and further adjustment for DMA approximated unmethylated inorganic arsenic exposure. We also explored weight status (underweight/healthy, overweight, and obese) as a potential effect modifier of these relationships using stratified analyses and interaction tests.& nbsp;Results: The final analytical sample consisted of 1,177 12-17-year-old participants. After adjusting for covariates and arsenobetaine, creatinine-adjusted arsenic was positively associated with HDL levels (beta = 0.063; 95% CI: 0.007, 0.119). Upon further adjustment for DMA, creatinine-adjusted arsenic was positively associated with HDL levels (beta = 0.079; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.143) and TC levels (beta = 0.258; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.515). No effect modification by weight status was observed.& nbsp;Conclusions: We found a positive association of approximated unmethylated inorganic arsenic exposure with TC, and contrary to our expectation, with HDL. There was no effect modification by weight status. Our findings should be confirmed by conducting longitudinal studies among adolescents exposed to low-level arsenic and focusing specifically on urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations.

Automated summary

The study found a positive association between estimated unmethylated inorganic arsenic exposure with total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and no effect modification by weight status was observed.