Impact of Preharvest Sprouting of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Field on Starch, Protein, and Arabinoxylan Properties

To obtain detailed knowledge on possible changes in the properties of starch, proteins, and arabinoxylan as a result of field preharvest sprouting (PHS), three wheat varieties were harvested at maturity and several weeks later when severe PHS had occurred. Falling number values of flour dropped from 306 to 147 s (Sahara), 382 to 155 s (Forum), and 371 to 230 s (Tobak). Blocking of alpha-amylase activity demonstrated that the decline in falling number and changes in RVA pasting and gelation properties were not caused by changes in intrinsic starch properties as a result of PHS. PHS had no influence on the SDS-extractability and molecular weight distribution of the proteins. For arabinoxylan, incipient breakdown was noticed, leading to a higher amount and average degree of polymerization of water extractable arabinoxylan. Results show that strategies to cope with severely PHS in wheat should focus on blocking enzyme activities.