期刊
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS
卷 28, 期 5, 页码 2091-2101出版社
IEEE COMPUTER SOC
DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2022.3150491
关键词
Task analysis; Visualization; Virtual reality; Rendering (computer graphics); Real-time systems; Complexity theory; Testing; Multi-modal; virtual reality; 6-Degrees-of-freedom; audio quality; direct scaling; indirect scaling; evaluation methods
资金
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [444832250 -SPP 2236]
This study investigates the factors influencing real-time audio rendering quality ratings in multi-modal 6-DoF VR using various subjective audio quality evaluation methods. The results show that rank-order elimination is the fastest method with the highest discrimination between spatial conditions, and interactive and complex scenes may impede quality judgments in evaluation.
Many quality evaluation methods are used to assess uni-modal audio or video content without considering perceptual, cognitive, and interactive aspects present in virtual reality (VR) settings. Consequently, little is known regarding the repercussions of the employed evaluation method, content, and subject behavior on the quality ratings in VR. This mixed between- and within-subjects study uses four subjective audio quality evaluation methods (viz. multiple-stimulus with and without reference for direct scaling, and rank-order elimination and pairwise comparison for indirect scaling) to investigate the contributing factors present in multi-modal 6-DoF VR on quality ratings of real-time audio rendering. For each between-subjects employed method, two sets of conditions in five VR scenes were evaluated within-subjects. The conditions targeted relevant attributes for binaural audio reproduction using scenes with various amounts of user interactivity. Our results show all referenceless methods produce similar results using both condition sets. However, rank-order elimination proved to be the fastest method, required the least amount of repetitive motion, and yielded the highest discrimination between spatial conditions. Scene complexity was found to be a main effect within results, with behavioral and task load index results implying more complex scenes and interactive aspects of 6-DoF VR can impede quality judgments.
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