☆ 4.7 Editorial Material

What do you mean, 'megafire'?

GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY (2022)

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Using citizen science to measure recolonisation of birds after the Australian 2019-2020 mega-fires

Joshua S. Lee et al.

Summary: Large and severe fires, known as mega-fires, are becoming more frequent worldwide, affecting ecosystems with long intervals between fires. The 2019-2020 Australian bushfires caused extensive damage and loss of native fauna. Some bird species thrive in post-fire environments while others require ecosystem recovery. A study on 76 bird species found that some species decreased in occurrence after the fire, some increased, and others showed no significant effect. Furthermore, diet specialists, small-bodied birds, and birds with smaller range sizes were less likely to be found in burnt areas after the fire.

AUSTRAL ECOLOGY (2023)

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Article Ecology

Resilience of reptiles to megafires

Xavier Santos et al.

Summary: Extreme climate events and anthropogenic land-use changes have led to an increase in megafires globally. This study evaluated the impact of megafires on a Mediterranean reptile community and found that the distance to the unburnt area significantly influenced reptile spatial responses. The study also discovered that reptiles show resilience to megafires and can persist in the burnt area when environmental conditions are favorable.

ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS (2022)

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Article Ecology

Acute and lagged fitness consequences for a sagebrush obligate in a post mega-wildfire landscape

Christopher R. Anthony et al.

Summary: The study revealed that the population of greater sage-grouse experienced decreased chick and female survival rates after a wildfire, affecting the overall survival of the species. The continuous decline in population since 2016 suggested additional environmental impacts on greater sage-grouse, potentially prolonging the recovery from the fire effects.

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Indigenous knowledge and the shackles of wilderness

Michael-Shawn Fletcher et al.

Summary: The current environmental crises on Earth are classified as the Anthropocene, originating from industrialization in mid-20th century Europe and linked to human activities. Despite the belief that protecting pristine wilderness is the solution to environmental crises, this concept overlooks the importance of Indigenous and local peoples in valuing and shaping biodiverse landscapes, leading to the demise of many systems.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Quantifying contributions of natural variability and anthropogenic forcings on increased fire weather risk over the western United States

Yizhou Zhuang et al.

Summary: Recent studies have shown that the increase in wildfire activity in the western United States in recent years is likely attributed to both natural weather pattern changes and anthropogenic warming, with approximately 68% of the observed trend in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) being due to human influence. Climate models indicate that anthropogenic forcing explains an even larger fraction (88%) of the VPD trend, providing a lower and upper bound on the true impact of anthropogenic warming on VPD trends in the region. In August 2020, during the occurrence of the August Complex Gigafire, it is estimated that anthropogenic warming explained 50% of the exceptionally high VPD anomalies.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

The 2017 Mega-Fires in Central Chile: Impacts on Regional Atmospheric Composition and Meteorology Assessed from Satellite Data and Chemistry-Transport Modeling

Remy Lapere et al.

Summary: The historic forest fires in south-central Chile in January 2017 had significant effects on regional atmospheric composition, leading to increased pollutant surface concentration in the capital city of Santiago. The fires also impacted meteorology and cloud optical depth, with widespread plumes extending over 2000 km.

ATMOSPHERE (2021)

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Preemptive Incentives and Liability Rules for Wildfire Risk ManagementJEL codes

Christian Langpap et al.

Summary: The study suggests that incentive policies are crucial in lowering the threshold for wildfire risk mitigation. In cases of high thresholds, only voluntary agreements and cost sharing can effectively increase mitigation efforts and welfare.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS (2021)

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People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years

Erle C. Ellis et al.

Summary: Archaeological and paleoecological evidence suggest that human societies have been using ecologically transformative land use practices since 10,000 BCE, shaping nearly three quarters of Earth's land by that time. The current biodiversity crisis is not primarily caused by the loss of uninhabited wildlands, but rather from the appropriation, colonization, and intensifying use of biodiverse cultural landscapes long shaped and sustained by prior societies. Recognizing the deep cultural connection with biodiversity will be crucial in resolving the crisis.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Ecology

Wildfires and global change

Juli G. Pausas et al.

Summary: Wildfires occur when fire thresholds are crossed, and anomalous weather events may enhance the likelihood and spread of wildfires. Climate change increases the frequency with which some thresholds are crossed, but other factors like altered ignition patterns and fuel structures also play a significant role in global fire-regime changes. The size of a fire ultimately depends on the duration of fire weather and the availability of continuous fuels in the landscape.

FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Welcome to the Pyrocene: Animal survival in the age of megafire

Dale G. Nimmo et al.

Summary: Animals are likely to recognize the olfactory, auditory, and visual cues of fire and deploy fire avoidance behaviors to maximize survival. Intraspecific variation in fire avoidance behaviors should correspond with variation in fire behavior. Species and populations with little to no experience with fire are at enhanced risk of extinction.

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Ecology

Making ecology really global

Martin A. Nunez et al.

Summary: Ecology needs to thrive globally, but there are inequalities in knowledge production and exchange. Recognizing and addressing these inequalities, while embracing geographical and cultural diversity, is the first step towards solutions.

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Article Ecology

Catastrophic Bushfires, Indigenous Fire Knowledge and Reframing Science in Southeast Australia

Michael-Shawn Fletcher et al.

Summary: The catastrophic Black Summer bushfires in 2019/2020 were the worst fire season in recorded history of Southeast Australia, highlighting the potential for Indigenous fire management as a tool to mitigate climate-driven catastrophic bushfires in the country. Collaborations between Indigenous communities and scientists are essential to inform policy and practice in managing Southeast Australian forest landscapes.

FIRE-SWITZERLAND (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Historical and future global burned area with changing climate and human demography

Chao Wu et al.

Summary: Recent burned area has decreased, but future simulations predict an increase due to changing climate, rapid population density growth, and urbanization. Increases are especially notable at high latitudes, while urbanization limits the potential for dramatic future increases in burned area.

ONE EARTH (2021)

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Article Ecology

Bats in the changing boreal forest: response to a megafire by endangered little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus)

Thomas S. Jung

ECOSCIENCE (2020)

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Article Economics

Assessing preferences for wildfire prevention policies in Spain

M. Allo et al.

FOREST POLICY AND ECONOMICS (2020)

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Article Forestry

Habitat selection by spotted owls after a megafire in Yosemite National park

Lynn N. Schofield et al.

FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2020)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

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Luke T. Kelly et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Biology

Fire as a key driver of Earth's biodiversity

Tianhua He et al.

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Article Ecology

A critique of 'countryside biogeography' as a guide to research in human-dominated landscapes

Don A. Driscoll et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY (2019)

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Invasive grasses increase fire occurrence and frequency across US ecoregions

Emily J. Fusco et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

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Predicting increasing high severity area burned for three forested regions in the western United States using extreme value theory

Alisa R. Keyser et al.

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Response of Arizona cypress (Hesperocyparis arizonica) to the Horseshoe Two Megafire in a south-eastern Arizona Sky Island mountain range

Andrew M. Barton et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE (2019)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Cross-scale controls on carbon emissions from boreal forest megafires

Xanthe J. Walker et al.

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The Year 2017: Megafires and Management in the Cerrado

Alessandra Fidelis et al.

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New Insights From Pre-Columbian Land Use and Fire Management in Amazonian Dark Earth Forests

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FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2018)

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A human-driven decline in global burned area

N. Andela et al.

SCIENCE (2017)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Observational evidence on the effects of mega-fires on the frequency of hydrogeomorphic hazards. The case of the Peloponnese fires of 2007 in Greece

M. Diakakis et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2017)

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Article Plant Sciences

Cause and effects of a megafire in sedge-heathland in the Tasmanian temperate wilderness

Ben J. French et al.

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY (2016)

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Elevated Rocky Mountain elk numbers prevent positive effects of fire on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) recruitment

David Solance Smith et al.

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Article Biology

Global trends in wildfire and its impacts: perceptions versus realities in a changing world

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PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2016)

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Impact of anthropogenic climate change on wildfire across western US forests

John T. Abatzoglou et al.

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Climate-induced variations in global wildfire danger from 1979 to 2013

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Consecutive wildfires affect stream biota in cold- and warmwater dryland river networks

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Consecutive wildfires affect stream biota in cold- and warmwater dryland river networks

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Temperate and boreal forest mega-fires: characteristics and challenges

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Article Forestry

Exploring the onset of high-impact mega-fires through a forest land management prism

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FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (2013)

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Article Forestry

Mega-fires, tipping points and ecosystem services: Managing forests and woodlands in an uncertain future

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Aboriginal hunting buffers climate-driven fire-size variability in Australia's spinifex grasslands

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