Outcomes of postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma according to the Ki67 index

Plain language summary Postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE), as an adjuvant treatment to surgery, is widely recommended in patients with high-risk factors for recurrence. Nevertheless, some studies challenge whether it actually improves prognosis, thus the influence of PA-TACE on prognosis remains controversial. The present research indicated that the ability of PA-TACE to help inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence is conditionally restrictive, and it appears to be beneficial only in those patients with a low or moderate Ki67 index (<60%). For patients with high Ki67 expression, compared with PA-TACE, 'adjuvant immunotherapy' may be a potential alternative option. This finding suggests a valuable reference to identify the best beneficiaries of PA-TACE for individualized treatment. Aim: To assess whether Ki67 is related to the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients at high risk of postsurgical recurrence. Methods: A total of 716 patients undergoing surgical resection with or without PA-TACE were retrospectively enrolled. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze Ki67 expression. Results: There was no significant difference in tumor-free survival between patients who underwent resection with or without chemoembolization. However, chemoembolization was associated with significantly higher tumor-free survival rates among patients with 'low' (<30%) or 'moderate' (30-59%) levels of Ki67. Patients highly expressing Ki67 displayed higher rates of overall recurrence, earlier recurrence, multiple intrahepatic recurrence and extrahepatic metastasis. Conclusion: In patients with relatively high Ki67 levels, PA-TACE does not appear to improve outcomes.

Automated summary

The study found that the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients at high risk of postsurgical recurrence is related to Ki67 expression levels. PA-TACE showed better tumor-free survival rates in patients with low or moderate Ki67 expression levels compared to surgery alone. In patients with high Ki67 levels, PA-TACE did not lead to improved outcomes.