Trends and Correlates of Cannabis-involved Emergency Department Visits: 2004 to 2011

Objectives:To examine trends and correlates of cannabis-involved emergency department (ED) visits in the United States from 2004 to 2011.Methods:Data were obtained from the 2004 to 2011 Drug Abuse Warning Network. We analyzed trend in cannabis-involved ED visits for persons aged 12 years and stratified by type of cannabis involvement (cannabis-only, cannabis-polydrug). We used logistic regressions to determine correlates of cannabis-involved hospitalization versus cannabis-involved ED visits only.Results:Between 2004 and 2011, the ED visit rate increased from 51 to 73 visits per 100,000 population aged 12 years for cannabis-only use (P value for trend=0.004) and from 63 to 100 for cannabis-polydrug use (P value for trend<0.001). Adolescents aged 12-17 years showed the largest increase in the cannabis-only-involved ED visit rate (rate difference=80 per 100,000 adolescents). Across racial/ethnic groups, the most prevalent ED visits were noted among non-Hispanic blacks. Among cannabis-involved visits, the odds of hospitalization (vs ED visits only) increased with age strata compared with age 12 to 17 years.Conclusions:These findings suggest a notable increase in the ED visit numbers and rates for both the use of cannabis-only and cannabis-polydrug during the studied period, particularly among young people and non-Hispanic blacks.