A native promoter-gene fusion created by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic deletion offers a transgene-free method to drive oil accumulation in leaves

Achieving gain-of-function phenotypes without inserting foreign DNA is an important challenge for plant biotechnologists. Here, we show that a gene can be brought under the control of a promoter from an upstream gene by deleting the intervening genomic sequence using dual-guide CRISPR/Cas9. We fuse the promoter of a nonessential photosynthesis-related gene to DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE 2 (DGAT2) in the lipase-deficient sugar-dependent 1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana to drive ectopic oil accumulation in leaves. DGAT2 expression is enhanced more than 20-fold and the triacylglycerol content increases by around 30-fold. This deletion strategy offers a transgene-free route to engineering traits that rely on transcriptional gain-of-function, such as producing high lipid forage to increase the productivity and sustainability of ruminant farming.

Automated summary

Achieving gain-of-function phenotypes without inserting foreign DNA is an important challenge for plant biotechnologists. In this study, the researchers demonstrated a method using dual-guide CRISPR/Cas9 to bring a gene under the control of a promoter from an upstream gene by deleting the intervening genomic sequence. By fusing the promoter of a nonessential gene with DGAT2, the researchers were able to drive ectopic oil accumulation in leaves, greatly enhancing DGAT2 expression and triacylglycerol content. This deletion strategy offers a transgene-free approach for engineering traits that rely on transcriptional gain-of-function.