A prediction model for central venous catheter-related thrombosis in patients with newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: A derivation cohort analysis

Background: Catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) is a common complication in cancer patients, that may lead to chemotherapy deferral, elevated risk for systemic infections and pulmonary embolism. This study aimed to assess CRT incidence and risk factors in newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and create predictive models potentially allowing to decrease CRT occurrence in this population. Methods: This retrospective single-center analysis included all AML patients treated at the Rambam Health Care Campus between 2006 and 2019. Patient clinical and laboratory data were collected to evaluate thrombosis occurrence and time from AML diagnosis to CRT development. Multivariate classification models were created using logistic regression (LR) and competing risk analyzes. Results: The final analysis included 632 newly-diagnosed AML patients (mean age 54 +/- 15 years). CRT incidence was 10.1% [confidence interval (CI) 7.7-12.9%], median time from AML diagnosis to CRT was 12.5 days [interquartile range 6-30]. In an LR multivariate model, prior history of venous thromboembolism [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 12.046, p < 0.0001], acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) (AOR 2.824, p = 0.015), a high body mass index and initial platelet counts < 100 x 10E9/L (AOR 1.059 and 0.546; p = 0.011 and 0.040, respectively) were significantly associated with high CRT risk. Analysis of 587 non-APL patients demonstrated comparable results, with CRT incidence of 9.3% (CI 7.0%-12.1%) and emergence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a novel significant co-factor (AOR 34.491, p = 0.004). In both models, the area under curve (AUC) was >= 70%. Conclusions: Significant CRT risk factors defined using the created model could be used for identification of high -risk newly-diagnosed AML patients requiring CRT prophylaxis.

Automated summary

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and to create predictive models. The study found that a history of venous thromboembolism, acute promyelocytic leukemia, high body mass index, and low platelet counts were significantly associated with high CRT risk.