期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
卷 149, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105306
关键词
IoT; Urban; Air quality; Mobile; Sensors; Machine learning
类别
资金
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek -Vlaanderen (FWO) [1SC4521N]
- Flemish Government under the Onderzoeksprogramma Artificiele Intelligentie (AI) Vlaanderen programme
This study presents validation results of two machine-learning models for inferring spatiotemporal air quality using data-driven techniques. The models show comparable prediction performance and demonstrate the potential to achieve accurate results with lower resources and processing time.
Recent advances in sensor and IoT technologies allow for denser and mobile air quality measurements. These measurements are still spatiotemporally sparse at city-level, but can be interpolated using data-driven techniques. This work presents validation results of two machine-learning models to infer air quality sensor data in both space and time. Temporal validation exercises are performed at available regulatory monitoring stations following the FAIRMODE protocol. Both models show scalable to different mobile datasets with comparable prediction performance for PM2.5 (R-2 = 0.68-0.75, MAE = 2.99-2.82 mu g m(- 3)) and NO2 (R-2 = 0.8-0.82, MAE = 8.81-9.83 mu gm(- 3)) in Utrecht and Antwerp. In Oakland (Atlanta), we observed a lower performance for NO2 (R-2 = 0.46-0.41, MAE = 4.06-5.07) and BC (R-2 = 0.31-0.28, MAE = 0.48-0.27), likely caused by the less representative monitoring coverage. Although comparable in terms of prediction performance, the Geographical Random Forest (GRF) model seems to achieve slightly better accuracies, while the correlations are typically higher for the Air Variational Graph Autoencoder (AVGAE) model. This work demonstrates the potential of data driven techniques for spatiotemporal air quality inference of complementary sensor data. The observed performance metrics approach current state-of-the-art chemical transport models in terms of performance while needing much lower resources, computational power, infrastructure and processing time.
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