期刊
ENERGY POLICY
卷 165, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112972
关键词
Grid tariffs; Capacity subscription; Efficiency; Peak pricing; Uncertainty
资金
- DigEco - Digital Economy project - NTNU Digital Transformation Initiative [2495996]
- CINELDI - Centre for intelligent electricity distribution, an 8-year Research Centre under the FME scheme (Centre for Environment-friendly Energy Research) of the Norwegian Research Council [257626/E20]
As society becomes more electrified, capacity-based tariffs will become more relevant. Capacity subscription is a new development where consumers are penalised or limited for exceeding their subscribed capacity. Research shows that the costs remain stable for most consumers, with exceptions for those with high peak demand.
While volume-based grid tariffs have been the norm for residential consumers, capacity-based tariffs will become more relevant with the increasing electrification of society. A further development is capacity subscription, where consumers are financially penalised for exceeding their subscribed capacity, or alternatively their demand is limited to the subscribed level. The penalty or limitation can either be static (always active) or dynamic, meaning that it is only activated when there are active grid constraints. We investigate the cost impact for static and dynamic capacity subscription tariffs, for 84 consumers based on six years of historical load data. We use several approaches for finding the optimal subscription level ex ante. The results show that annual costs remain both stable and similar for most consumers, with a few exceptions for those that have high peak demand. In the case of a physical limitation, it is important to use a stochastic approach for the optimal subscription level to avoid excessive demand limitations. Facing increased peak loads due to electrification, regulators should consider a move to capacity-based tariffs in order to reduce cross-subsidisation between consumers and increase cost reflectivity without impacting the DSO cost recovery.
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