Intermediate Pyrolysis of Brewer's Spent Grain: Impact of Gas Atmosphere

This work focuses on the impact of carrier gas on the quantity and quality of pyrolytic products received from intermediate pyrolysis of the brewer's spent grain. In this study, three types of carrier gases were tested: argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide at three temperatures of 500, 600, and 700 degrees C. On the basis of the process conditions, the yield of products was determined. The ultimate analysis of the char was performed, and for selected chars, the combustion properties were determined. Gas chromatography of the organic fraction of oil was performed, and the compounds were determined. Additionally, microscale investigation of the spent grain pyrolysis was performed by thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that there were no significant differences in product yields in various atmospheres. Char yield changed only with temperature from 28% at 500 degrees C up to 19% at 700 degrees C. According to ultimate analysis, the char from CO2 pyrolysis was approximately 2% richer in carbon and this fact did not influence on the combustion properties of the char. The oil fraction was characterized mainly by acids with a maximum content of 68% at 600 degrees C in an argon atmosphere and the acid concentration depended on the carrier gas as follows line: Ar > N-2 > CO2.

Automated summary

This study focuses on the impact of carrier gas on the quantity and quality of pyrolytic products obtained from intermediate pyrolysis of brewer's spent grain. The results show that there were no significant differences in product yields in different atmospheres, while the char yield changed with temperature. Additionally, the analysis of the oil fraction shows that it is mainly composed of acids, and the concentration of acids depends on the carrier gas used.