Neuromyelitis Optica and Skin

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is characterized by attacks of optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and the presence of anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies. Most relapses of neuromyelitis optica worsen over days and then slowly improve in the weeks or months after the maximum clinical deficit has been reached. However, recovery is usually incomplete. The diagnosis of the disease and attacks must be made as early as possible and require emergency treatment. Dermatologists can play a role in achieving this end. Neuropathic pruritus is common and can be used to diagnose neuromyelitis optica. Hence, the association of pruritus with optic neuropathy and some symptoms of transverse myelitis strongly suggest this diagnosis. Many autoimmune diseases can sometimes be associated with neuromyelitis optica. Patients with newly diagnosed skin infections or sexually transmitted diseases need to be informed that these infections could trigger a relapse of neuromyelitis optica.

Automated summary

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is a disease characterized by attacks of optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and the presence of anti-aquaporin-4 autoantibodies. The disease worsens over a few days and slowly improves in the weeks or months after reaching the maximum clinical deficit, but recovery is usually incomplete. Early diagnosis and emergency treatment are crucial for managing the disease. Dermatologists can help in achieving this and neuropathic pruritus can be useful for diagnosing the disease. New skin infections or sexually transmitted diseases can trigger relapses of neuromyelitis optica.